Mentors at Your Benchside
Bitesize Bio
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A good mentor can be the difference between success and failure. But what to do if you don't have help on hand? Mentors At Your Benchside provides curated help and advice from experienced researchers on various topics, from lab skills and techniques to career progression.
Each short episode is bursting with easy-to-access help and advice that can improve your results and help you get the most out of your time in the lab.
https://bitesizebio.com/mentors-at-your-benchside
Available episodes
Newest first
Oldest first
4 days ago
Cell Passage Number Explained
#55 — Do you know how to keep track of cell passages using passage numbers? Is there a maximum passage number you should grow cells? And is there a better way to keep tabs on how long your cells have been growing in culture? Listen to this episode to get answers to these questions and more.
You'll discover the theory behind passage numbers and learn there's a big problem with counting passages.
Read the original article on cell passage numbers to get easy-to-follow visual guides for counting passage numbers, [1] and discover how to calculate doubling numbers. [2]
Resources:
1. Understanding Cell Passage Number and How to Calculate it for Cell Cultures. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/13685/cell-culture-passage-number-explained/
2. Best Practices in MSC Culture: Tracking & Reporting Cellular Age Using Population Doubling Level & Not Cell Passage Number. Available at: https://www.roosterbio.com/blog/best-practices-in-msc-culture-tracking-and-reporting-cellular-age-using-population-doubling-level-pdl-and-not-passage-number/
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Mar 21, 2023
10 Common PPE Sins
#54 — Do some people's terrible PPE habits bug you? Are you guilty of not wearing your PPE in the lab?
Listen to our top 10 PPE sins. Sins that we've all definitely committed at some point, and see if your pet peeve made it on.
Check out the original article to discover the differences between chemistry- and Howie-type lab coats. [1] And while you're at it, why not learn how to clean up chemical spills in the lab [2] and check out what these common but nasty reagents do to you? [3]
Resources:
1. 10 Common PPE Sins. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/9850/10-common-ppe-sins/
2. How to Clean up Chemical Spills in the Lab: 4 Essential Rules. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/9357/how-to-clean-up-chemical-spills-in-the-lab/
3. Ten Bad Chemicals in the Lab and What They do to You! Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10470/ten-bad-chemicals-in-the-lab-and-what-they-do-to-you/
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Mar 14, 2023
PPE for Eye and Face Protection—Better Safe than Sorry!
#53 — Anywhere but the face!
On the list of places you wouldn't want to spill a chemical, I bet your face ranks pretty high.
Wise scientists know their face protection.
Are you aware of the different types of eye and face protection available? In the latest episode of Mentors At Your Benchside, we discuss PPE you can use to keep your eyes and face safe and when to wear it.
Check out the original article for figures on the different types of eye and face protection. [1] And take lab safety up a notch by brushing up on these non-chemical hazards. [2]
Resources:
1. PPE for Eye and Face Protection—Better Safe than Sorry! Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/23136/know-your-ppe-face-protection/
2. Ten Non-Chemical Lab Hazards and What They Do to You! Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/20865/ten-non-chemical-lab-hazards-and-what-they-do-to-you/
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Mar 7, 2023
How to Handle Strong Acids in the Lab
#52 — Acids are ubiquitous in the lab. We use them for many tasks, such as pH-ing solutions, cleaning glassware, calibrating instruments, and dissolving analytes.
But they are extremely dangerous chemicals. It's imperative, therefore, that we handle strong acids safely. That is, prepare, use, use and dispose of them with minimal risk.
So, in this episode, we'll discuss how to handle common strong acids, such as hydrochloric and nitric acid. We'll also look at how to prepare astonishingly strong acids such as aqua regia and piranha solution—for those really stubborn stains.
Read the corresponding online article for handy bulleted instructions for handling strong acids in the lab. [1] Also, why not check out our articles on generating risk assessments, [2] and PPE to keep you safer in the lab? [3]
Resources:
1. How to Handle Strong Acids in the Lab. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/66018/how-to-handle-strong-acids/
2. How to Conduct a Risk Assessment: 6 Essential Steps to a Safer Lab. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/31021/conduct-hazard-identification-risk-assessment/
3. PPE for Eye and Face Protection—Better Safe than Sorry!. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/23136/know-your-ppe-face-protection/
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Feb 28, 2023
How to Use a pH Meter Correctly in 4 Simple Steps
#51 — A neglected pH meter means less reliable experiments, poor reproducibility, and time wasted. Yet, despite being critical to all our experiments, they are frequently neglected, abused, and left to dry out.
In this episode, we'll learn the basic facts about how a pH meter works. Then, using this knowledge, we'll explain how to look after your pH meter and how to fix it the next time it's mishandled by your harried and harrassed lab buddies.
Check out the original article for a handy pH meter schematic to aid your understanding. [1] And to take your lab wizardry to envious levels, why not read our article on pH, pKa, and pI? [2] While you're at it, be sure to learn how buffers work, [3] and check out our lab DIY hub! [4]
Resources:
1. How to Use a pH Meter Correctly in 4 Simple Steps. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/8750/how-to-care-for-your-ph-meter/
2. The Definitive Guide to pH, pKa, and pI. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/9425/what-is-ph-pka-pi/
3. How Do Buffers Work? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/8478/how-do-buffers-work/
4. Bitesize Bio's Lab DIY Hub. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/lab-diy/
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Feb 21, 2023
The Dangers of UV Light in the Lab: Keep You and Your Experiments Safe
#50 — While we all know the dangers of too much UV light from the sun and the need to wear sunscreen, how much thought do we give to the dangers of UV light in the lab?
It's not just ourselves that we need to protect, as UV light can also damage our precious samples.
Listen to this episode to learn how UV light damages DNA, the sources of UV light in the lab, and precautions to take to protect you and your experiments.
Read the full article [1] to get handy visuals and see the full table of UV light sources in the lab. UV light isn't the only danger to your DNA samples in the lab; read our article on 5 ways to damage DNA to discover other things to avoid when working with DNA. [2]
Resources:
1. How UV Light Damages DNA and the Havoc it Can Cause to Your Experiments. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/36762/how-uv-light-damages-dna/
2. 5 Ways to Damage DNA. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/744/5-ways-to-damage-dna/
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Feb 14, 2023
Problems Amplifying GC-rich regions? 5 Easy Solutions
#49 — It's not easy being rich. If your DNA is GC-rich and you're struggling to amplify it, you aren't alone. Listen to this Mentors At Your Benchside episode to discover why GC-rich regions are problematic to PCR and simple ways to help with amplification.
Don't forget to visit the full article. [1] For more help and advice on PCR, read our Beginner's Guide to PCR [2] to ensure you have a solid grounding in how it works, and discover The Essential PCR Troubleshooting Checklist. [3]
Resources:
1. Problems Amplifying GC-rich regions? 5 Easy Solutions. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/24002/problems-amplifying-gc-rich-regions-problem-solved/
2. What is PCR? The Beginner’s Guide. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/19132/pcr-basics-what-is-pcr/
3. The Essential PCR Troubleshooting Checklist. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/343/the-essential-pcr-troubleshooting-checklist/
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Feb 7, 2023
8 Steps to More Successful Experiments
#48 — One of the critical skills required for any scientist is the ability to consistently design and carry out successful experiments. It’s also vital that any experiments can be replicated. There are, of course, many variables that can cause an experiment to fail, but there are some basic steps that, if taken routinely, can increase your chances of success.
In this episode, we've rounded up our 8 top tips to help you achieve perfect experimental procedures!
Read the original article for more resources to help you achieve experimental success. [1] If you're struggling to decipher your sticky notes, see our top 10 tips for organizing your lab book once and for all! [2]
Resources:
1. 8 Steps to More Successful Experiments. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/7358/8-steps-to-more-successful-experiments/
2. 10 Tips For Organizing Your Lab Book. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/11068/10-tips-for-organizing-your-lab-book/
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Jan 31, 2023
How Buffers Work—A Guide For Biologists
#47 — Buffers are everywhere in a lab. But do you know why we use them? Listen to this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside as we explain what buffers are, how they work, and why understanding this could improve your research. You'll also get top tips on choosing and using buffers in the lab.
Check out the original article on how buffers work for helpful figures and to get a non-exhaustive list of Good's buffers. [1] Now you know how buffers work, why not learn how to design the perfect buffer for your protein purification experiments, [2] or read about what separates good buffers from outstanding ones? [3]
Resources:
1. How Do Buffers Work? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/8478/how-do-buffers-work/
2. How to Design the Perfect Protein Purification Buffer. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/7893/how-to-design-the-perfect-protein-purification-buffer/
3. What Makes a “Good” Laboratory Buffer? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/11226/what-makes-a-good-laboratory-buffer/
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Jan 24, 2023
What Is a Ct Value?
#46 — If you are performing quantitative PCR (qPCR), you must understand what a Ct value is. In this episode of Mentors at Your Benchside, we'll take you through its critical role in qPCR, its various names, how to calculate it and what it means when it all seems to go a bit wrong.
Visit the original article for a helpful figure that explains Ct values. [1] Plus, visit our related articles to discover important considerations for determining qPCR efficiency, [2] learn how to analyze your qPCR data using double delta Ct analysis, [3] and get advice on housekeeping genes. [4]
Don't forget to brush up on the MIQE guidelines. [5]
Resources:
1. What Is a Cq (Ct) Value? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/24581/what-is-a-ct-value/
2. Important Considerations for Determining qPCR Efficiency. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/3177/determining-qpcr-efficiency/
3. 4 Easy Steps to Analyze Your qPCR Data Using Double Delta Ct Analysis. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/24894/4-easy-steps-to-analyze-your-qpcr-data-using-double-delta-ct-analysis/
4. Keeping On Top of Housekeeping Genes. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/23467/keeping-on-top-of-housekeeping-genes/
5. The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Available at https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.112797
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Jan 17, 2023
Different DNA Polymerases Explained
#45 — Taq polymerase is a fantastic all-rounder for standard PCRs, but what do you do if you need something a bit more specialist? In this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside, we share the varying world of DNA polymerases. Whether you are looking for a powerful proofreader or need help amplifying long or GC-rich sequences, we know a polymerase that can help.
Visit the original article on DNA polymerases to get links to the enzymes listed in the episode. [1] Want more information on proofreading polymerases? Read our Short Primer On Proofreading Polymerases. [2]
Don’t need anything fancy in a Polymerase? Save money and learn how to make your own Taq or Pfu polymerases. [3] And for a glace into the polymerase past, read the original article about the isolation of Taq polymerase. [4]
Resources:
1. Get To Know Your DNA Polymerases. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/24551/get-to-know-your-dna-polymerases/
2. Mind Your P’s And Q’s: A Short Primer On Proofreading Polymerases.…
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Jan 10, 2023
10 Good and Evil Ways to Use Your Dr Title
#44 — So you might be wondering why you bothered with all those years of failed experiments, committees, overbearing supervisors, thesis writing, and thesis defending. Well, no matter where life takes you, you can now call yourself "Dr" whenever you want. And that can be more useful than you might think.
Listen to this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside to discover 10 ways to use your Dr title, ranging from funny to downright evil.
Don't forget to visit the full article to leave a comment on how you use your Dr title. [1] For more entertaining and lighthearted reading, check out the 14 Funniest Fruit Fly Gene Names, [2] and The Top 10 Worst Lab Smells. [3]
Resources:
1. 10 Ways to Use Your “Dr” Title for Good and Evil. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10370/10-ways-to-use-your-dr-title-for-good-and-evil/
2. 14 of the Funniest Fruit Fly Gene Names. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/23221/14-of-the-funniest-fruit-fly-gene-names/
3. The Top 10 Worst Lab Smells. Availab…
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Jan 3, 2023
How DNA Extraction Kits Work in the Lab
#43 — DNA extraction kits. A magic black (or red or blue) box that helps you isolate DNA without you even thinking. That's great—until things go wrong. Then you have to know what's happening. So in this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside, we're going to explain how DNA extraction kits work in the lab.
Check out the original article to read how DNA extraction kits work. [1] Why not learn how to troubleshoot RNA isolation [2] and discover in detail how alkaline lysis works [3] while you're at it?
Resources:
1. How DNA Extraction Kits Work in the Lab. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/25018/how-dna-extraction-kits-work-in-the-lab/
2. Troubleshooting RNA Isolation. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/2345/troubleshooting-rna-isolation/
3. Lab Basics: How Alkaline Lysis Works: https://bitesizebio.com/180/the-basics-how-alkaline-lysis-works/
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Dec 20, 2022
Funny Fruit Fly Gene Names
#42 — There are a lot of humorless scientists out there. But thankfully, some do their bit to make science a bit more fun by adding a splash of imagination to the names of their discoveries. That, or they think about these things too much.
Don't believe me? Need a laugh? Listen to us countdown fourteen cheeky fruit fly gene names!
Visit the website to read the full article [1] and learn how to sex a fruit fly as well! [2]
Resources:
1. 14 of the Best Drosophila Gene Names, Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/23221/14-of-the-funniest-fruit-fly-gene-names/
2. Gender Reveal: How to Determine the Gender of Drosophila Larvae. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/43147/gender-reveal-how-to-determine-the-gender-of-drosophila-larvae/
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Dec 13, 2022
How to clean and calibrate your lab balance
#41 — Keeping your lab balance clean and calibrated will make your bench work a lot easier. In this episode we give you useful tips to maintain your balance, literally!
Visit our website to read the full article. [1]
Read more about accuracy and precision [2] and the types of statistical error [3] you can avoid by calibrating your lab balance. For more information, see this guide on cleaning and maintaining balances. [4]
Resources:
1. How to Clean and Calibrate Your Lab Balance. Available at https://bitesizebio.com/24193/how-to-clean-and-calibrate-your-lab-balance/
2. How to Measure and Improve Lab Accuracy and Precision. Available at https://bitesizebio.com/55470/accuracy-and-precision/
3. Types of Statistical Errors and What They Mean. Available at https://bitesizebio.com/7642/types-of-statistical-errors-and-what-they-mean/
4. How To Clean and Maintain Precision Balances and Analytical Balances. Available at https://www.grainger.com/know-how/equipment-information/kh-how-to-clean…
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Dec 6, 2022
How to Write a Thoughtful Discussion for Your Scientific Paper
#40 — Are you struggling to write the discussion section of your paper? It can be daunting to put your results in context and to thoughtfully consider limitations and future experiments, but we've collected some useful advice to help you on your way.
Visit our website to read the full article. [1]
If you need more help with your article, check out some of our other resources, such as this guide on writing an abstract, [2] preparing figures for your paper [3] and choosing a journal to submit to. [4] And if you want to know more about the publication process in general, you can learn about peer review. [5]
Resources:
1. How to Write a Thoughtful Discussion for Your Scientific Paper. Available from https://bitesizebio.com/31855/write-discussion-paper/
2. How To Write an Awesome Abstract. Available from https://bitesizebio.com/13661/how-to-write-an-awesome-abstract/
3. How To Make Figures Right The First Time. Available from https://bitesizebio.com/8110/how-to-make-figures-right-the-f…
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Nov 29, 2022
How Using Oil Immersion Microscopy Can Increase Your Resolution
#39 — Oil immersion microscopy can help increase your resolution in light microscopy. Which, in turn, can lead to better images; and who doesn’t want nicer microscopy images? But do you know why we use immersion oil and objectives for high-power magnification? And do you know how to use an immersion objective correctly?
Listen to this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside to understand the theory behind oil immersion microscopy and get six easy tips on perfecting your oil immersion microscopy.
Visit the original article for advice on how to get better microscopy images using oil immersion. [1]
To learn more about microscopy basics that can boost your imaging, check out our articles on numerical aperture and optical resolution. [2,3]
Resources:
1.How Using Oil Immersion Microscopy Can Increase Your Resolution. Available at:
https://bitesizebio.com/23421/the-why-and-how-of-oil-immersion-microscopy/
2. That Other Number –The Meaning of Numerical Aperture in Microscopy. Available…
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Nov 22, 2022
Artificial Intelligence in Biology
#38 — Artificial intelligence, or AI for short, is changing the way we analyze images and data in biology. But what exactly is AI?
Listen to this episode for a brief primer on AI and to understand the differences between AI, machine learning, and deep learning.
We'll discuss how biologists use AI to enhance their data analysis, simplify their image processing, predict their protein structures, and more!
Make sure you visit the original article, which contains lots of helpful links to get started incorporating AI into your research! [1]
We've also included a list of handy AI resources for biologists that can help you get started in AI.
These are:
* Fast AI: Making neural nets uncool again [2]
* Deep Learning: Build deep learning models today [3]
* Deep learning specialization: Become a deep learning expert [4]
Resources:
1. Artificial Intelligence in Biology. Available at:
https://bitesizebio.com/64186/artificial-intelligence-in-biology/
2. Fast AI: Making neural nets unc…
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Nov 15, 2022
Does Your h-index Measure Up?
#37 — How do you measure how good you are as a scientist? How would you compare the impact of two scientists in a field? What if you had to decide which one would get a grant? One method is the h-index.
In this episode, we discuss the metrics involved in measuring scientific performance, focusing on the metric of choice for many funding bodies, the h-index, and some of its limitations.
Visit the original article for more resources to help you understand what the h-index is. [1]
To learn more about the h-index, read the article that first proposed it. [2] Find out more about Publish or Perish, a software program that retrieves and analyzes academic citations, [3] and how the various online resources and h-index calculators compare when it comes to providing an accurate and comprehensive picture of the scholarly impact of authors. [4]
Resources:
1. Does Your h-index Measure Up? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/13614/does-your-h-index-measure-up/
2. Publish or Perish: Explains…
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Nov 8, 2022
How to Check the Accuracy of Your Pipette in 7 Easy Steps
#36 — Don't let an inaccurate pipette ruin your experiments. In this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside we’re talking about how to check the accuracy of your pipette, so your results are reliable and repeatable.
You can find the full article on our website. [1]
Read more about cleaning [2] or calibrating pipettes [3] or learn how clean and calibrate your lab balance. [4] For more information on accuracy and how it differs from precision, see our article "How to Measure and Improve Lab Accuracy and Precision". [5]
Resources:
1. How to Check the Accuracy of Your Pipette in 7 Easy Steps. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/21218/how-to-check-the-accuracy-of-your-pipette/
2. Take Care of Your Tools: Cleaning Pipettes. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/20270/cleaning-pipettes/
3. Performing Pipette Calibration Yourself. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/40766/performing-pipette-calibration-yourself/
4. How to Clean and Calibrate Your Lab Balance. Available at: https://bit…
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Nov 1, 2022
How to Make the Perfect Agar Plate Every Time
#35 — A smooth, perfect agar plate will make your microbial experiments a lot easier. Whether you're using LB, M9 or blood agar, tune in to this episode to learn how to pour the perfect plates every time.
Visit our website to read the full article. [1]
Explore other practical secrets of the bacterial world [2] on our website or find out how to avoid lab disasters. [3]
Resources:
1. How to Make the Perfect Agar Plate Every Time. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/6938/how-to-make-the-perfect-agar-plate-every-time/
2. Practical Secrets of the Bacterial World for the Uninitiated. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/26345/practical-microbiology-for-the-uninitiated/
3. Rookie Researcher Disasters. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/194/rookie-researcher-disasters/
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Oct 25, 2022
Top 5 Protein Quantification Assays
#34 — Whether you like it or not, you need to know the concentration of your protein samples accurately. Binding constants, enzyme kinetics, and activity assays all need accurately-quantified protein to deliver accurate results.
But there's a head-spinning amount of protein quantification assays out there! The BCA assay, Bradford assay, biuret reaction, the Folin–Lowry assay—but hold on.
Which assay is appropriate for your sample and why? In this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside, we break down our top 5 protein quantification assays, go into their advantages and disadvantages, and suggest what types of proteins they are appropriate for.
Be sure to visit the corresponding article for table breakdown of the assays discussed. [1] You can also follow up this podcast by reading our article on how colorimetric assays work. [2]
Resources:
1. Top 5 Protein Quantification Assays. Available at:
https://bitesizebio.com/23824/top-5-protein-quantification-assays/
2. Ask a Chemist: How…
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Oct 18, 2022
Top 10 Worst Lab Smells
#33 — Your lab. It probably doesn't look very nice, and often enough, it probably doesn't smell very nice either. Lumps of E. coli, fishy amines, eggy reducing agents. All uniquely rotten. What's your candidate for the worst lab smell? In this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside, we go through our top ten picks for the worst lab smell. Do you agree with us?
Be sure to visit the original article, where you can see what others have to say about our top ten picks. [1] You can also contribute your own worst-smelling chemical in the comments! Also check out the top ten stupid safety mistakes we've made. [2]
Resources:
1. The Top 10 Worst Lab Smells. Available at:
https://bitesizebio.com/6935/top-10-worst-lab-smells/
2. 10 Stupid Lab Safety Mistakes. Available at:
https://bitesizebio.com/1899/stupid-lab-safety-mistakes/
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Oct 11, 2022
Is Your Bacterial Culture Still Growing? A Primer on OD600 Measurements
#32 — How do you know if your bacteria culture is ready for your experiment? In this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside we take a close look at the popular method of OD600 measurements as well as some other techniques you can use to find out if your bacterial culture is still growing.
You can find the full article on our website. [1]
Learn more about different bacterial strains [2] and get to grips with growth curves [3], or find out how to train yourself to measure OD600 by eye [4]. And if you're curious about sporulating bacteria, read this article about endospores [5].
Resources:
1. Is Your Bacterial Culture Still Growing? A Primer on OD600 Measurements. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/41100/is-your-bacterial-culture-still-growing/
2. Choosing the Right Bacterial Strains for Your Lab. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/55858/bacterial-strains-for-lab/
3.Why Isn’t My Culture Growing? The S-Curve Explained. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/37809/culture-growing-…
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Oct 4, 2022
How CRISPR-Cas13 Can Revolutionize Your RNA Research
#31 — CRISPR can do more than edit DNA. Cas13, a CRISPR-associated protein that can bind and cut RNA, provides the power of CRISPR for studying RNA. Listen to the episode to discover how you can use Cas13 to knock-down, modify or track RNAs in mammalian cells. Plus learn how Cas13 can help you detect specific RNAs in patient samples in a matter of minutes.
Visit the original article on CRISPR-Cas13 to see helpful diagrams and a table summarizing where to buy Cas13 plasmids. [1]
Want to know more about how CRISPR can help your research? Visit our CRISPR hub, [2] where you can find articles explaining the basics of how CRISPR works, [3] discover the wealth of CRISPR nucleases available, [4] get advice on using CRISPR in your research, [5] and more.
Resources:
1. CRISPR-Cas13: How to Revolutionize Your RNA Research. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/64751/crispr-cas13/
2. CRISPR Hub. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/CRISPR/
3. CRISPR Technology Explained: Towards a CRISPR Ge…
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Sep 29, 2022
Keep Calm and Spin On: The Whats and Whys of Centrifugation
#30 — We have all heard about centrifugation, or more specifically, the horror stories associated with centrifugation going wrong.
But don't let centrifugation scare you! In this episode, you'll learn how to properly balance, when to use the brake, what the difference is between RCF and RPM, and more.
Read the full Whats and Whys of Centrifugation article for some of the most common issues that can be easily overlooked during centrifugation and why they are so important for the proper handling of a centrifuge. [1] Discover why RPM Does Not Equal RCF, and get top tips for Proper Use and Handling of Centrifugal Filters. [2,3]
Resources:
1. Keep Calm and Spin On: The Whats and Whys of Centrifugation. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/47991/centrifuges-centrifugation/
2. RPM Does Not Equal RCF. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/1777/rpm-does-not-equal-rcf/
3. Spinning Around: Tips and Tricks for Using Centrifugal Filters. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/44738/spinning-ar…
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Sep 27, 2022
Protease Inhibitors 101: How They Work and How to Use Them
#29 — Ever wondered why you have to add protease inhibitors to your lysis buffer? In this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside we’ll tell you all about protease inhibitors, why they’re important and how to use and store them.
To learn more about protease inhibitors and to access the table with information about common protease inhibitors, read the full article on our website [1].
Read more about how protease inhibitors work [2], learn about protein expression [3] and find out what you need to consider during cell lysis [4].
Resources:
1. Protease Inhibitors 101: How They Work and How to Use Them. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/58195/protease-inhibitors-101/
2. How Proteases and Protease Inhibitors Work. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/8845/how-proteases-and-protease-inhibitors-work/
3. The Bitesize Bio Guide to Protein Expression – a Bitesize Bio eBook. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/webinar/the-bitesize-bio-guide-to-protein-expression-a-bitesize-bio-eboo…
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Sep 22, 2022
Constant Current or Voltage in SDS-PAGE: The Great Debate
#28 — SDS-PAGE gels can be run at constant current, constant voltage or constant power. But which is best? Listen to this episode of Mentors at Your Benchside to discover the differences between current, voltage and power, and how they affect how your gels run.
Visit the original article to see a summary table of running your SDS-PAGE gels at a constant voltage, current or power. [1] We've also got tips and tricks for casting the perfect SDS-PAGE gel, [2] or read a refresher on how SDS-PAGE works. [3]
Resources:
1. Constant Current or Voltage in SDS-PAGE: The Great Debate. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/51744/constant-current-or-voltage-in-sds-page/.
2. A Simple SDS-PAGE Gel Recipe and 10-Step Casting Protocol for Perfect Gels. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/59429/sds-page-gel-recipe/.
3. How SDS-PAGE Works. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/580/how-sds-page-works/.
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Sep 20, 2022
DNA Ligation: How it Works & 6 Top Tips
#27 — Optimal conditions for DNA ligation reactions are a delicate balance between DNA molecules interacting and the enzymatic ligation reaction.
In this episode, you'll discover our top 6 DNA ligation tips to improve the efficiency of your ligations and increase your cloning success rate!
Read the full article to get more practical advice for optimizing DNA ligation reactions for cloning. [1] Want more cloning advice? Read about Cloning with Compatible Cohesive Ends, [2] and discover how to Remove Unwanted DNA from Vectors. [3] Also, find out why T4 DNA ligase is such a popular ligase and perhaps the only ligation enzyme you’ll ever need. [4]
Resources:
1. DNA Ligation: How it Works & 6 Top Tips. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10279/how-dna-ligation-works/
2. Assembling the Puzzle: Cloning with Compatible Cohesive Ends. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/21716/assembling-the-puzzle-cloning-with-compatible-cohesive-ends/
3. Tech Clinic #1: Removing Unwanted DNA from Ve…
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Sep 15, 2022
What Is Cryo-Electron Microscopy? A Brief Introduction
#26 — Cryo-EM is a revolutionary imaging method that lets us see complex biostructures at higher and higher resolutions.
But do you understand the mind-blowing science behind this technique? And what is cryo-electron microscopy, anyway? Why is the cryogenic aspect important, and how did it seemingly go from nothing to the big time? In the latest episode of Mentors At Your Benchside, we answer all of these questions and more!
Check out the corresponding online article to access loads of follow-up resources to deepen your understanding of this topic.[1] Also, check out our related articles covering crucial sample preparation considerations for cryo-EM and its history from obscure to Nobel Prize winner. [2,3]
Resources:
1. What Is Cryo-Electron Microscopy? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/62871/what-is-cryo-electron-microscopy/
2. Cryo-EM Sample Prep: 5 Crucial Considerations. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/62619/cryo-em-sample-prep/
3. A Short History of Cryo-Electron Mi…
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Sep 13, 2022
The Basics: How Phenol Extraction of DNA Works
#25 — Phenol extraction of DNA is a commonly used method for removing proteins from nucleic acids, for example, to remove proteins from cell lysate during genomic DNA preparation.
It's commonly used, but not well understood.
Listen to this episode to get a quick explanation of how phenol extraction of DNA works.
Visit the original article to see handy diagrams on how phenol extraction works. [1] To get more help and advice on DNA extraction, read our related articles and discover how chloroform can clean up your phenol extractions, [2] learn how ethanol precipitation works, [3] and decide if ethanol or isopropanol is best for precipitating your samples. [4]
Resources:
1. The Basics: How Phenol Extraction of DNA Works. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/384/the-basics-how-phenol-extraction-works/
2. Practical Application of Phenol-Chloroform Extraction. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/3651/practical-application-of-phenol-chloroform-extraction/
3. Ethanol Precipitation of…
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Sep 8, 2022
Postdoc Interview Preparation: Sample Questions and Answers
#24 — How can you best prepare for a postdoc interview? Here we cover 10 questions that are often encountered during the job-hunting process.
Preparing answers to these questions, alongside doing some background research about the research group and PI, can give you the edge in securing that postdoc.
You can recap these top 10 questions anytime by visiting the full article on popular postdoc interview questions. [1]
If you are looking for further interview advice, make sure you check out our top 10 interview tips [2], consider how you might concisely describe your research so far [3], and get advice on what to wear for the interview. [4]
Resources:
1. Postdoc Interview Preparation: Sample Questions and Answers. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10393/postdoc-interview-preparation-sample-questions-and-answers/
2. 10 Great Tips To Make A Good Impression At Your Interview. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/6696/10-great-tips-to-make-a-good-impression-at-your-interview/
3. Ca…
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Sep 6, 2022
Creativity in Science: How a Good Imagination Can Help Your Research
#23 — Creativity in Science: How a Good Imagination Can Help Your Research
If you're stuck in a research rut in the lab, developing your creativity can help you find new solutions to current problems that may be impeding your scientific progress.
In this episode, we explore 3 important questions you should consider to help spark your creativity in the lab and provide 8 simple tips to help achieve this.
Read the full article on boosting your creativity in science. [1]
If you are looking for further advice, make sure you listen to our Happy Scientist Podcast episode on Imagination, which covers even more ways to boost your imagination and creativity. [2] Consider the importance of allowing yourself time to think and reflect. [3] Finally, listen to this episode of the Microscopists featuring Eric Betzig where the Nobel Laureate reveals how his biggest ideas came during his two periods of unemployment. [4]
Resources:
1. Creativity in Science: How a Good Imagination Can Help Your Res…
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Sep 1, 2022
Ten Bad Chemicals in the Lab and What They do to You!
#22 — Research often requires you to use dangerous chemicals. From caustic acids and bases to pH solutions and toxic reducing agents, chemical hazards abound in the lab.
In this episode, we'll take a look at ten dangerous chemicals in the lab and the harm they can cause you.
Want to develop your understanding of chemical safety? Why not read the full article, [1] where you'll find lots of helpful resources and further reading. If you fancy a deeper dive into all aspects of lab safety, then check out the Bitesize Bio lab safety eBook. [2]
If you're a bit rusty on your good laboratory practice, definitely read 10 Stupid Lab Safety Mistakes [3] and see how many sins you commit. And finally, we all rely on our PPE for protection and safety. Be sure to take a look at our 10 Common PPE Sins for a quick brush-up. [4]
Resources:
1. Ten Bad Chemicals in the Lab and What They do to You! Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10470/ten-bad-chemicals-in-the-lab-and-what-they-do-to-you/
2. The…
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Aug 30, 2022
How Confluent Are Your Cells? A Beginner’s Guide to Measuring Cell Culture Confluency
#21 — Do you know the difference between cell confluency and cell number? Can you measure cell confluency accurately? Cell confluency measurements are essential in cell based experiments. Listen to this episode to learn what cell confluency is and different quantification methods.
Read the original article to get visual guides to help you understand and measure your cell confluency accurately. [1]
Do you want more information to help you perfect your cell culture? Check out related articles to learn how to get the right passage number for your cells and how to culture adherent cells like HEK293's. [2,3]
Resources:
1. How Confluent Are Your Cells? A Beginner’s Guide to Measuring Cell Culture Confluency. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/63887/cell-confluency/
2. What’s in a Number: Getting the Right Passage in Cell Culture. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/13685/cell-culture-passage-number-explained/
3. What the HEK? A Beginner’s Guide to HEK293 Cells. Available at:…
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Aug 25, 2022
Laemmli Buffer: What Is It for Anyway?
#20— Have you ever wondered how Laemmli buffer actually works? In this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside, we talk through the different components of Laemmli buffer, what they do and why they are essential for your SDS-PAGE experiments.
Read the full article to learn more about this buffer and get a handy Laemmli buffer recipe. [1]
Looking for more information on SDS-PAGE? Discover the theory behind SDS-PAGE and get advice on how you can cast the perfect SDS-PAGE gel. [2,3] You can also download our useful SDS-PAGE protocol PDF that contains simple buffer recipes, gel recipes, and a neat casting protocol. [4]
Resources:
1. Laemmli Buffer: What Is It for Anyway? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/44540/laemmli-buffer-what-is-it-for-anyway/
2. How SDS-PAGE Works. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/580/how-sds-page-works/
3. A Simple SDS-PAGE Gel Recipe and 10-Step Casting Protocol for Perfect Gels. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/59429/sds-page-gel-recipe/
4. Bitesiz…
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Aug 23, 2022
What is Alternative Splicing, and Why Is It Important?
#19 — Listen to this episode to discover what alternative splicing is, the history of how it was discovered, and get key examples of splicing in action.
Read the full article to learn more about alternative splicing, including a visual diagram of how splicing works. [1]
Read our related articles to find out how alternative splicing can affect your experiments and discover methods for detecting splice variants. [2,3]
Resources:
1. What is Alternative Splicing, and Why Is It Important? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10148/what-is-alternative-splicing-and-why-is-it-important/
2. How Can A Single Mutation Affect Splicing Regulation? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10307/how-can-a-single-mutation-affect-splicing-regulation/
3. How to Detect Alternative Splicing Variants. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10138/how-to-detect-alternative-splicing-variants/
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Aug 18, 2022
Why Is SDS-PAGE Run Vertically? Here are 3 Great Answers
#18 — Why are SDS-PAGE gels run vertically? What would happen if we ran them horizontally? Has anyone ever tried? Discover the answers to these questions and more in this episode of MAYB.
To see what others are saying and join in the conversation, head over to the comments section in the original article on why SDS-PAGE is run vertically. [1]
If this episode has ignited your desire for answers, Check out some of our related articles to learn the how SDS-PAGE works and discover whether running your SDS-PAGE gels with constant current or constant voltage is best. [2,3]
Resources:
1. Why Is SDS-PAGE Run Vertically? Here are 3 Great Answers. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/10699/why-is-sds-page-run-vertically/
2. How SDS-PAGE Works. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/580/how-sds-page-works/
3. Constant Current or Voltage in SDS-PAGE: The Great Debate. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/51744/constant-current-or-voltage-in-sds-page/
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Aug 16, 2022
How (and Why) To Manipulate Plasmid Copy Number
#17 — Why do some plasmids give a better protein yield than others? It may have a lot to do with the plasmid copy number. In this episode we talk about what plasmid copy number means, why it is important and how you can manipulate it to get the most out of your experiments.
To learn more about plasmid copy number, read the full article on our site: https://bitesizebio.com/22824/how-to-manipulate-plasmid-copy-number/
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Aug 11, 2022
Top 10 Tips for Viva Success
#16 — Is your viva on the horizon? Many people think viva exams are going to be painful. But what if you could make your viva go smoothly and maybe even enjoy it? Listen to our top 10 viva tips to get advice from a viva survivor.
To learn more about surviving your viva, read the full article on our site: https://bitesizebio.com/10109/top-10-tips-for-viva-success/
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Aug 9, 2022
A Brief History of CRISPR-Cas9 Genome-Editing Tools
#15 — In the last few years, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a popular genome editing tool, but have you ever wondered where it came from? In this episode we explore the history of CRISPR-Cas9, from the first CRISPR discovery in 1987 to current applications in targeted genome and epigenome editing.
Read the full article to learn more about the history of CRISPR-Cas9 and to see a timeline of discoveries here - https://bitesizebio.com/47927/history-crispr/
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Aug 4, 2022
How to Measure and Improve Lab Accuracy and Precision
#14 — Do you know how accurate and precise your measurements are? Imprecise and inaccurate measurements can have a dramatic impact on your results. Listen to get 8 top tips for making your measurements more accurate and precise.
To learn more about accuracy and precision, read the full article on our site here - https://bitesizebio.com/55470/accuracy-and-precision/
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Aug 2, 2022
The Ultimate Guide to Choosing a Fluorescent Protein
#13 — There are now hundreds of different tailored fluorescent proteins to choose from that can improve your experiments in the lab.
What are the key considerations when choosing a fluorescent protein for your experiment? Should you consider using a fancy new fluorescent protein? Where can you find the best resources to help you out?
Find out the answers to these and more in this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside.
Please read the full article, which includes our super helpful table of fluorescent proteins and their properties! - https://bitesizebio.com/54287/choosing-a-fluorescent-protein/
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Jul 28, 2022
DNA Precipitation: Ethanol vs. Isopropanol
#12 — As a follow-up to our episode about ethanol precipitation of DNA and RNA [1], this episode explains the differences between DNA precipitation in ethanol and isopropanol, helping you to figure out which method is the best choice for your experiment.
Read the full article [2] for handy protocol tips, the differences between using ethanol and isopropanol, and when to use each method.
Resources:
1 - https://bitesizebio.com/2007/12/04/the-basics-how-ethanol-precipitation-of-dna-and-rna-works/
2 - https://bitesizebio.com/2839/dna-precipitation-ethanol-vs-isopropanol/
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Jul 26, 2022
How Fluorescent Molecules Work: Shine Bright like a Diamond
#11 — Fluorescence is undoubtedly one of the most important and useful tools in a biologist’s toolbox. But do you actually know how fluorescence works?
In this episode, discover what the three steps of fluorescence are, and how fluorescence can be used in flow cytometry.
Read the full article [1] for a breakdown of the key points of fluorescence.
Resources:
1 - https://bitesizebio.com/32973/fluorescent-molecules/
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Jul 21, 2022
Which Type of Ethanol Should I Use?
#10 — As you probably know, there are different types of ethanol found in biology labs. It's a versatile solvent used in dozens of experiments and procedures, including disinfection, DNA precipitation, and tissue dehydration.
But which type of ethanol should you use for your application? What's the difference between the types of ethanol in your lab? And how do you handle it appropriately?
In this episode, we answer these questions, providing you with the information you need to keep your research producing top-notch results. Read the full article on Which Type of Ethanol You Should Use [1] for links to additional resources on laboratory applications of ethanol.
Resources:
1 - https://bitesizebio.com/13518/which-type-of-ethanol-should-i-use/
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Jul 19, 2022
What the HEK? A Beginner’s Guide to HEK293 Cells
#9 — One of the most commonly used cell lines in molecular biology labs is the Human Embryonic Kidney HEK293 cell line.
Listen to this episode to find out all about the history of HEK293 cells and how to work with them.
Read the full article [1] for more details about working with HEK293 cells
Resources:
1 - https://bitesizebio.com/45489/guide-to-hek293-cells/
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Jul 14, 2022
How SDS-PAGE Works
#8 — You probably have or will use SDS-PAGE at some point to separate proteins, but do you really understand how this technique works? Knowing how SDS-PAGE works means you can tweak and troubleshoot your technique as well as impress your supervisor and lab mates.
In this episode, we take you through how SDS-PAGE works, including what SDS does, why you need to use a reducing agent like DTT or beta-mercaptoethanol, and the critical importance of the stacking gel.
Read the full How SDS-PAGE Works article [1] to see helpful visuals for how this technique works and access the table showing the protein sizes that different acrylamide percentages can separate.
Expand your knowledge by buffing up on laemmli buffer [2] and get our Guide to Gradient Gels. [3] If you pour your own SDS-PAGE gels, take a deep dive into the chemistry of how gels work and learn how to pour perfect gels every time with our Simple SDS-PAGE Gel Recipe with 10-Step Casting Protocol. [4]
Resources:
1 - https://bites…
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Jul 12, 2022
How a Jellyfish Changed Biology: the Discovery and Development of GFP
#7 — In this episode, we cover how jellyfish were able to have a huge impact on biology through the discovery and development of GFP.
Using GFP is now ubiquitous in pretty much all fields in biology, and we'll take you through how three Nobel Laureates developed this valuable research tool. [1]
Many of the applications for GFP are microscopy-based, and we'll discuss how you can utilize GFP for translational and transcriptional fusions, FRAP, FLIP and FRET experiments in the lab. [2,3]
Read the full article for more useful links, hints, and tips on using GFP in your experiments. [4]
Resources:
1. Press release. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2022. Fri. 1 Jul 2022. Available at: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2008/press-release/
2. Fun With FRAP! Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching for Confocal Microscopy. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/19946/fun-with-frap-fluorescence-recovery-after-photobleaching-for-confocal-microscopy/
3. Using Flow Cytometry…
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Jul 7, 2022
Ethanol Precipitation of DNA and RNA: How it Works
#6 — Ethanol precipitation is a commonly used technique for concentrating and de-salting nucleic acid preparations in an aqueous solution.
In this episode, we'll bring you up to speed on how ethanol precipitation works, including the importance of solubility, the roles of salt, ethanol, and temperature, plus a few helpful tips on the side.
Read the full article [1] to learn more about the ins and outs of ethanol precipitation and other DNA clean-up approaches.
Resources:
1. https://bitesizebio.com/253/the-basics-how-ethanol-precipitation-of-dna-and-rna-works/
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Jul 5, 2022
20 Telling Signs You're a Scientist
#5 — Have you ever chilled beer on dry ice from the lab? Does your wardrobe consist mainly of free t-shirts from companies at conferences [1]? Have you ever wondered what the distilled water in the lab tastes like [2]?
If any of these questions apply to you, then tune in to this episode, as we cover more funny and telling signs that you're a true scientist.
Read the full article [3] to discover the difference between a Science Fan and a bona fide Scientist
Resources:
1. https://bitesizebio.com/31887/scientific-conferences-how-where-to-go/
2. https://bitesizebio.com/33270/types-of-water-lab/
3. https://bitesizebio.com/36753/20-telling-signs-scientist/
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Jul 1, 2022
What is PCR? The Beginner’s Guide
#4 — PCR is a useful lab technique used to copy, sequence or quantify DNA. If you're new to PCR, this episode is for you. We cover the five things you need to get started with PCR and explain how to run a polymerase chain reaction.
Read the full article to learn more about setting up a PCR. [1]
Learn more about Kary Mullis and the invention of PCR, and about the first thermocycler "Mr Cycle". [2, 3, 4] For practical tips, see our article on the top tips for primer design. [5]
Resources:
1. What is PCR? The Beginner’s Guide. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/19132/pcr-basics-what-is-pcr/
2. Kary B. Mullis – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2022. Fri. 1 Jul 2022. Available at: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1993/mullis/facts/
3. The Invention of PCR. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/13505/the-invention-of-pcr/
4. Mr. Cycle, Thermal Cycler. Available at: https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1000862
5. How to Survive a D…
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Jun 28, 2022
A Short History of Cryo-Electron Microscopy
#3 — In this episode of Mentors At Your Benchside, listen to a short history of cryo-electron microscopy—the Nobel Prize-winning technique revolutionizing molecular and structural biology.
The journey takes us from the inception of cryo-EM- obscure, inferior, and derided- to the present-day competition for access to the incredibly powerful Krios microscopes.
It's all about the power of an image.
And speaking of images, be sure to read A Short History of Cryo-Electron Microscopy for a graphical timeline and some stunning cryo-EM structures. [1]
Fascinating, cross-disciplinary science underpins cryo-EM—the technique is as broad as it is popular. To expand your understanding of the fundamental science behind it, Read What Is Cryo-Electron Microscopy? A Brief Introduction. [2] For tips and tricks on getting your sample ready for a cryo-EM experiment, check out Cryo-EM Sample Prep: 5 Crucial Considerations. [3] And for a simple illustration of the stunning structures cryo-EM produ…
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Jun 28, 2022
17 Ways to Stop Pipetting Errors From Ruining Your Experiments
#2 — Micropipettes are the bread and butter instrument of a lab, helping you to accurately dispense minute amounts of liquid. But these tools are only trustworthy if they are well maintained and handled appropriately. Listen to the latest episode of Mentors At Your Benchside to uncover top tips for precise pipetting.
Want to know more about correct pipetting technique? Access the original article on 17 Ways to Avoid Pipetting Errors, download the Gilson Guide to Pipetting, and read the Nature article showing the effect of sample temperature on pipetting volume. [1, 2, 3]
Resources:
1. 17 Ways to Stop Pipetting Errors From Ruining Your Experiments. Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/344/17-ways-to-stop-pipetting-errors-ruining-your-experiments/
2. Gilson Guide to Pipetting. Available at: https://gb.gilson.com/GBSV/guide-to-pipetting
3. Millet, F., Barthlen, T. Securing accuracy and precision when pipetting hot and cold liquids with Microman®. Nat Methods 4, iii–iv (2007). http…
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Jun 28, 2022
Is it Worth Doing a PhD After a Master’s?
#1 — Is it worth doing a PhD? This is a question that probably plagues every research student at some point in their career.
In this episode, we explore 5 important questions you should consider before embarking on a PhD.
Read the full article for more advice before making the difficult decision to pursue a PhD after getting your Master’s degree. [1]
If you are looking for further advice, make sure you check out our article with pointers for PhD students. [2] A good PhD supervisor is worth their weight in gold and finding a good mentor should be a priority. [3] And, if you’re sure that a PhD is the right move for you, then search for PhDs in Biological and Medical Sciences to find the right PhD to suit you. [4] Finally, read our handy article that lists some alternative career options for scientists. [5]
Resources:
1. Is it Worth Doing a PhD After a Master’s? Available at: https://bitesizebio.com/11022/is-it-worth-doing-a-phd-after-a-masters/
2. 10 Do’s and Don’ts for P…
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