Machine-Centric Science
Donny Winston
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Stories about the FAIR principles in practice, for scientists who want to compound their impacts, not their errors.
Available episodes
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Feb 17, 2023
Sandra Gesing
An interview about FAIR software, workflows, and virtual research environments (VREs) / science gateways with Sandra Gesing, currently a Senior Research Scientist and Scientific Outreach and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Lead at the Discovery Partners Institute at the University of Illinois, Chicago.
* https://galaxyproject.org/
* https://dpi.uillinois.edu/
* https://sciencegateways.org/
* https://www.rd-alliance.org/groups/fair-virtual-research-environments-wg
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Jan 18, 2023
Christophe Blanchi
https://doi.org/20.500.14132/chris -->
https://doi.org/20.500.14132/chris?noredirect -->
https://www.dona.net/team/christophe-blanchi
Digital Object Identifier Resolution Protocol (DO-IRP): https://www.dona.net/sites/default/files/2022-06/DO-IRPV3.0--2022-06-30.pdf
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Oct 31, 2022
Vineeth Venugopal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interatomic_potential
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Sep 27, 2022
walk-and-talk: DIKW pyramid/hierarchy
DIKW pyramid / DIKW hierarchy - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIKW_pyramid
"Data becomes information when it is stored *in* a given *formation*."
From B. Fong and D. I. Spivak, “Seven Sketches in Compositionality: An Invitation to Applied Category Theory,” Ch. 3 - Databases, arXiv, Oct. 12, 2018. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1803.05316.
"There are only three things we can do with data. We can accrete data by adding it to an existing collection, reduce data by discarding information from an existing collection, or reshape data by placing it in a different kind of collection."
From Z. Tellman, *Elements of Clojure*, Ch. 4 - Composition. Monee, IL: Lulu.com, 2019.
types of information: situational, methodological, philosophical (epistemological, axiological, ontological)
From Dorian Taylor, "2022-05-11 types of information", (May 11, 2022). Accessed: Sep. 27, 2022. [Online Video]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNUNgZ6RTmQ
Inductions vs deductions vs abductions
Informed by M. K. Bergman, A Knowledge Representation Practionary: Guidelines Based on Charles Sanders Peirce. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-98092-8.
"programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute."
From preface to first edition (and included in subsequent editions) of H. Abelson, G. J. Sussman, and J. Sussman, *Structure and interpretation of computer programs*, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
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Sep 7, 2022
I Fought the Law
`.split()`s on strings and `filter`s on `None`
I fought the Law and the Law won
I fought the Law and the Law won
I needed spec compliance; I got none
I fought the Law and the Law won
I fought the Law and the Law won
I varied my output with the latest fad
Breakin' every downstream run
Needed Postel more than I ever had
I fought the Law and the Law won
I fought the Law and the
Scatterin' parsing like a shotgun
I fought the Law and the Law won
I fought the Law and the Law won
I lost robustness and I lost my fun
I fought the Law and the Law won
I fought the Law and the Law won
I varied my output with the latest fad
Breakin' every downstream run
Needed Postel more than I ever had
I fought the Law and the Law won
I fought the Law and the
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Aug 29, 2022
Martynas Jusevičius
- Linked Data
- Project Jupyter (Notebook, Lab, etc.)
- UI Blocks: Block Protocol
- Personal Knowledge Graphs: Roam, Logseq, Obsidian
- Solid: decentralized data stores
- Resource Description Framework (RDF)
- Twitter: Martynas, AtomGraph
- LinkedDataHub (Apache-2.0 license)
- AtomGraph: Website, GitHub
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Aug 18, 2022
FAIR-Enabling Services
I was thinking about FAIR-enabling resources and wanted to distinguish between things that actually have to be running in order for data to be alive and for you to actually find it, access it, interoperate with it, and reuse it, versus "one-time" things that those services will need.
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Aug 9, 2022
Stuck Data Mining Again (Lodi)
Just about a week ago,
I set out to download.
Seekin' supplementary data,
lookin' for a pot of gold.
Things got bad, and things got worse,
I guess you will know the tune.
Oh lord, stuck data mining again.
Rode in on semantics,
I'll be hand-waving out if I go.
Trying controlled vocabularies,
must've been seven of 'em or more.
No corresponding authors
have replied to my emails yet.
Oh lord, I'm stuck data mining again.
The man from Stack Overflow
said I was on my way.
My code kept raising exceptions.
I was reading tracebacks for days.
I wanted to run a one-off benchmark.
Looks like my plans fell through.
Oh lord, stuck data mining again.
If I only had metadata
that was machine-actionable
every time I've had a dataset
that I's told was interoperable.
You know I'd catch the FAIR train
and breeze through my planned reuse.
Oh lord, I'm stuck data mining again.
Oh lord, I'm stuck data mining again.
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Aug 4, 2022
Don't Silo Me In
Oh give me mappings, lots of mappings, with resolving URIs. Don’t silo me in.
Let me prance through semantics of namespaces that I love. Don’t silo me in.
Let me use an open protocol to access these bytes, and for metadata promise me you’ll keep on the lights. Authenticate me repeatedly, but give clear usage rights. Don’t silo me in.
Just give me data bare. Let me reuse my old CPUs and mint my URIs.
With my own software, let me wander over yonder with least surprise.
I want to probe the provenance of metadata rich and plural, and represent my knowledge to be machine actionable. And I can’t look at schemas if they’re not interoperable. Don’t silo me in.
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Jul 29, 2022
Shreyas Cholia
* [Materials Project](https://materialsproject.org/)
* [Environmental Systems Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem (ESS-DIVE)](https://ess-dive.lbl.gov/)
* [National Microbiome Data Collaborative (NMDC)](https://microbiomedata.org/)
* [W3C Provenance (PROV) specs](https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/)
* [Research Equals (R=)](https://www.researchequals.com/)
* [JSON-LD](https://json-ld.org/)
* [Ecological Metadata Language (EML)](https://eml.ecoinformatics.org/)
* [DataCite](https://datacite.org/)
* [OSTI](https://www.osti.gov/)
* [DOI](https://www.doi.org/)
* schema.org
* [OAuth](https://oauth.net/2/)
* [OpenID Connect (OIDC)](https://openid.net/connect/)
* [OpenAPI](https://www.openapis.org/)
* [REST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer)
* [IGSN](https://www.igsn.org/)
* [Data Observation Network for Earth (DataONE)](https://www.dataone.org/)
* [Frictionless Data](https://frictionlessdata.io/)
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Jul 21, 2022
Patrick Huck
Materials Project (MP) website: https://materialsproject.org/
Novel Materials Discovery (NOMAD) Laboratory: https://nomad-lab.eu/
Contributor Roles Taxonomy: https://credit.niso.org/
Authentication resources (FAIR A1.2):
- https://portier.github.io/using.html
- https://github.com/simov/grant
- https://docs.konghq.com/
U.S. Department of Energy resources:
- Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) Data ID Service: https://www.osti.gov/data-services
- https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science-pure-data-resources
Connecting with Patrick:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/tschaume/
- https://twitter.com/tschaume
- https://appliedenergyscience.lbl.gov/people/patrick-huck
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Jul 15, 2022
FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP) Ontology
The FAIR Implementation Profile (FIP) Ontology: https://w3id.org/fair/fip/terms/FIP-Ontology
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Jun 20, 2022
R1.3: metadata and data meet domain-relevant community standards
Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV): https://lov.linkeddata.es/dataset/lov/
FAIRSharing: https://fairsharing.org/
PageRank of Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV): https://donnywinston.com/posts/pagerank-of-linked-open-vocabularies-lov/
Principles of Open Scholarly Infrastructure (POSI): https://openscholarlyinfrastructure.org/
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Jun 2, 2022
R1.2: Metadata and data are associated with detailed provenance
https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#dfn-provenance
# Component 1: Entities/Activities:
Type: Entity
Type: Activity
Relation: Generation/Invalidation (E-Act)
Relation: Usage (Act-E)
Relation: Communication (Act1-[E]-Act2)
Relation: Trigger/Starter of Start of Act (trigger E, starter Act)
Relation: Trigger/Ender of End of Act End of Act (trigger E, ender Act)
# Component 2: Derivations:
Relation: Derivation (E-E, E-Act)
Relation: Revision (E-E)
Relation: Quotation (E-E)
Relation: Primary Source (E-E)
# Component3 : Agents, Responsibility, and Influence
Type: Agent
Relation: Attribution (E-Agt)
Relation: Association (Act-Agt (role), Act-E (plan))
Relation: Delegation (Agt-Act) - acted on behalf of
Relation: Influencer/Influencee ({E,Act,Agt}-[usage,start,end,generation,invalidation,communication,derviation,attribution,association,delgation]-{E,Act,Agt})
3 core types: entities, activities, agents. “instantaneous events” are put in context of activities.
wrt "time instants":
- generat…
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May 25, 2022
R1.1: Meta(data) are released with a clear and accessible data usage license
The Creative Commons suite of licenses: CC0, CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC-BY-ND, CC BY-NC, CC BY-NC-SA, CC BY-NC-ND.
Code licenses: Server Side Public License, Affero GPL (AGPL), Lesser GPL (LGPL), Mozilla Public License (MPL), Business Source License (used e.g. by Sentry, <https://github.com/getsentry/sentry/blob/master/LICENSE>), Elastic License (for Elasticsearch), Apache 2.0, BSD, MIT. Spectrum of user freedom and redistributor freedom.
"The CRAPL: An academic-strength open source license": <https://matt.might.net/articles/crapl/>
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May 18, 2022
R1: (Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes
* https://queryunderstanding.com
* http://contentunderstanding.com
* https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11-framing/
* https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/
* https://jasonformat.com/islands-architecture/
* https://www.hydra-cg.com/spec/latest/core/
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May 12, 2022
I3: (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data
In the W3C Provenance Ontology:
https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/#wasDerivedFrom
The HTML Anchor Element:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a
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May 4, 2022
I2: (Meta)data use vocabularies that follow the FAIR principles
Heather Hedden, "Foundation for a Knowledge Graph Taxonomy Design Best Practices", slides at https://zenodo.org/record/6510205
Teodora Petkova, "The Dialogic Potential of the Web of Data", slides at https://zenodo.org/record/6518557
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohm_Dialogue
Tim Berners-Lee's bag of chips
https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-2/#Class:Dataset
https://schema.org/Dataset
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Apr 27, 2022
I1: (Meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation
GUPRIs, RDF, RDFS, OWL, SHACL, JSON, JSON-LD, JSON Schema, ActivityPub, "fediverse", XMPP, SMTP.
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Apr 19, 2022
A2. Metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available
Archival Resource Key (ARK) specification (section on policy metadata): https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-kunze-ark-34#section-5.1.1.
Permanence Levels and the Archives for NIH NLM's Permanent Web Documents: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/ma05/ma05_archive.html.
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Apr 13, 2022
A1.2: The protocol allows for authentication and authorisation where necessary
A brief dip into the world of HTTP auth. The Authorization request header. The WWW-Authenticate response header. Basic authentication. Bearer-based authentication. Authenticating securely. Shared secrets versus asymmetric encryption (for non-repudiation).
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Apr 5, 2022
A1.1: The protocol is open, free and universally implementable
Protocol versus implementation. HTTP, SMTP, Zulip.
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Mar 29, 2022
A1: (Meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardized communication protocol
You want to avoid protocols with limited implementation, poor documentation, and, when possible, components involving human intervention.
It may not be possible to provide secure access through a fully mechanized protocol like HTTP, for example, for highly sensitive data. However, the protocol must be clear and explicit in the metadata, whether it involves a verbal request, email, telephone number, Slack username, et cetera.
The important thing is that the communication protocol for how to access is explicit and clearly defined in the metadata, whether fully mechanized or not.
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Mar 22, 2022
F4: (Meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource
The goal here is leverage: increasing the ratio of machine action to user action in getting to the data that they want. Otherwise, your data is technically findable, but it's going to require a lot of user action. They might have to do a full data download, scan through a full table, scroll through a long webpage, and it's unlikely that they're going to actually find what they need, because they're just not going to put in that much effort. So you really want indexing. You want this leverage to have your machine help do some of the action that a user might otherwise do.
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Mar 15, 2022
F3: Metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data they describe
Literature references with and without DOIs. Tables of data in articles with and without unique identifiers in each row for what that row is about. The magic of including identifiers in the metadata you share.
The Data Catalog (DCAT) Vocabulary: https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-2/
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Mar 8, 2022
F2: Data are described with rich metadata
Kinds of metadata - "intrinsic" (machine-defined or machine-controlled; immutable) and "extrinsic" (user-defined or user-controlled). Other-than-technical interoperability. "Quality" in the eye of the beholder / data consumer. Analogy to web-browser feature detection, and application to search engine "rich results".
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Mar 1, 2022
F1: (Meta)data have globally unique, persistent identifiers
* HTTP URLs
* orcid.org, doi.org, uniprot.org
* archival resource keys (ARKs)
* meta-resolvers: identifiers.org, n2t.net
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Feb 21, 2022
What to expect from this podcast
A rundown of what I'm planning: FAIRdowns, inside the Box, and FIP calls, oh my!
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