Feb 26, 2023
[re-release] Breathing Well is a Skill (w/George Dallam, PhD from 2021)
This is re-release of a shortened version of Episode 50 (1.5 hours long)....I cut out the good and left the great. If you haven't listened to the full episode, start with this one and then graduate to the full story from George Dallam, PhD.
Nasal breathing is not a trick or hack to get an unnatural advantage. Nasal breathing is the designed in way to breathe properly. Not nasal breathing causes health and performance problems. But it's never too late to do it right. Learn the why's and how's of nasal breathing from George Dallam, PhD. Dr. Dallam says, "One simple rule: breath through nose all the time, or as much as possible."
Benefits of nasal breathing:
* Better filtering of particles and viruses (less nasal infection, bronchitis). Filtering becomes even more important when exercising because we take in so much more air.
* Less water lost though breathing
* Less energy spent on breathing (more energy for locomotion); higher O2 extracted per breath (higher efficiency)
* Recovery from "EIB" exercise induced bronchoconstriction (exercise induced asthma)
* Provides a powerful training stimulus to improve fitness…make you faster even if you go back to mouth breathing in high intensity efforts, such as races
* Improved stress management
* Better sleep, and overall improved recovery from exercise (lower stress, avoidance of snoring)
* Better posture and movement ability with improved diaphragm activity
* Functional movement benefits —diaphragm is a major core muscle that is under strength when we mouth breathe.
* Avoids possible damage to the heart from over breathing (a hypothesis from Dr Dallam) Notes from discussion with George Dallam, PhD Myths about breathing:
* I feel the need to breath faster when I need more oxygen — mostly false. It is the presence of higher than usual CO2 in the blood that causes the “air hunger”
* CO2 is bad, and needs to be removed as fast as possible — false; CO2 is necessary for normal bodily functions. Too much AND too little CO2 are bad for the body.
* Breathing faster brings in more oxygen (superoxygenation) — no; red blood cells are generally 95-98% oxygenated after passing by lungs. You don’t get more oxygen into red blood cells, you just lose more CO2 from blood plasma, which creates problems for the body
* Breathing doesn’t take much energy or oxygen to do — false. During exercise, breathing can use as much as 15% of the total energy burn of the body…15% of the oxygen being used. If we can save 25% of that by breathing more efficiently (less breathing for same oxygen), we’ll have more oxygen left over for other muscles to use.
* An athlete cannot get enough oxygen for exercise though just nasal breathing — false. It is easy to see why people would come to this conclusion after one attempt, but with adaptation, many elite athletes compete using just nasal breathing. What does the nose do for us?
* Conditioning of the air: humidifying the air and warming up the air. Reduce lung dehydration and related wheezing and breathing problems
* Filtering: particulates (dust, smoke), viruses are captured instead of putting in lungs. Avoid damaging lungs long-term (emphysema, cancer) and reduce infections impacting lungs.
* Increasing air resistance…forces a recruitment of the diaphragm which is the best muscle for efficient breathing. Breath through the nose, then you will breath diaphragmatically without thinking. You can stop trying to train yourself to “Belly Breath”.
* Calming. Reducing stress. Deep slower breathing vs. quicker shallow breathing activates the parasympathetic nervous system…lowers the stress level of the body. This is definitely true at rest. For athletics, peak performance comes of being able to relax into the effort..not by trying as hard as possible, so stress level might also play a role in athletic performance.
* More efficient breathing: breathe less to get the same amount of oxygen. 25% less breathing when nasal breathing. So the 15% of total energy expenditure being spent on breathing is lowered to 11.5%….a 3.5% point reduction in energy used for breathing that can now be used elsewhere. This is the same level of economy improvement that elite endurance athletes seek to obtain from using weight training…and this is just from breathing through your nose.
* Avoids the over breathing associated with mouth breathing. Over-breathing MAY be a cause of damage to the heart seen in endurance athletes as a higher incidence of AFib….lowering of CO2 in blood (from over breathing) results in blood flow restriction, which may be a cause to a lack of blood flow (a lack of oxygen) to the heart. Related to Exercise Induced Asthma / Bronchial restriction (EIB)
* The lungs are filled with alveoli … the little sacs that allow the body to exchange gases. Single cell thick, covered in a surfactant that allows the sacs to stay open even at low pressure.
* The lung environment is very liquid and very delicate.
* Imagine blowdrying wet tissue paper with a hairdryer…not good.
* When the air comes into lungs via the mouth, the air is not treated. Everyone has experienced coughing…the only way we have to get stuff out of our lungs that shouldn’t be there. It also is what happens when we have damaged our lungs, whether from breathing air that is too cold or too hot or too dry or too wet or filled with damaging particulates or just through over extertion.
* Our body creates “broncho constriction” to protect the lungs. If you ever had a wheeze at the end of your exhales, you’ve had this thing.
* This correlates very highly with mouth breathing athletes. Bronchio restriction is vey common among elite athletes…cycling, swimming, running. 20-50% of population vs. 5% among sedentary population. The more you breath, the more important it is to treat the air you breath and protect the lungs.
* The availability of broncho inhalers may just be serving to allow us to overcome our natural defense again damaging our lungs from mouth breathing. HOW TO NASAL BREATHE?
The transition to nasal breathing is easier for some people. Some people feel a terrible air hunger while others get used to it very quickly. The path forward for everyone is to find your way to just the threshold point that your body can do it…with just a suggestion of air hunger…and then move higher over time. It takes 6 weeks to 6 months. Three key variables that impact time to adapt:
* Existing sensitivity to CO2. If low sensitivity, then short time to adapt.
* How well developed is the diaphragm muscle. The more you need to build, the longer it will take.
* How dedicated is the effort to adapt. The more you nasal breath, the faster you will adapt. What do you need to do to be able to nasal breathe all the time? Break / Start the Habit
* Break the habit of mouth breathing. Do it whenever you realize you are not nasal breathing. Set reminders. (See Episode 45 on building habits: https://www.wiseathletes.com/podcast/45-build-strong-habits-with-samuel-salzer/https://www.wiseathletes.com/podcast/45-build-strong-habits-with-samuel-salzer/):
* During exercise, put a little water in your mouth so you don’t have to think about nasal breathing.
* According to Dr. Dallam, "I also found that focusing on nasal breathing during exercise facilitated focusing on it throughout the rest of my life as well. While subjective at best, I consider that I am more relaxed, more thoughtful, sleeping better and happier as a direct result.”
* Once you can do your endurance & recovery workouts while nasal breathing, the adaptation will go very fast because that is most of your training. And, if you are nasal breathing outside of exercise as well, you are essentially always nasal breathing at this point.
* You’ll adapt even faster if you will take down the level of ef…